Amendments to the Copyright Act passed in 2012 require a Parliamentary review the Act every five years.  On December 14, 2017, the first five-year review of the Act was officially launched by the Minister of Innovation, Science and Economic Development and the Minister of Canadian Heritage.  In their joint letter to the Chair of the Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology that will oversee the review, the Ministers notably recognize that "users benefit from a public domain" in a properly functioning copyright system, and that "the Copyright Act itself might not be the most effective tool to address all of the concerns stemming from recent disruptions" in the copyright marketplace.