In General:
- When citing a journal article (whether accessed online or in print) that has a Digital Object Identifier (DOI), include the DOI in the reference entry formatted as a hyperlink (i.e., beginning with "https://" or "http://").
- If an online work has both a DOI and a URL, only include the DOI in the reference entry.
- If an online work does not have a DOI, include the URL according to the rules listed in Section 9.34 of the Manual. For works from most academic research databases, the URL is not required.
- You can present DOIs and URLs as either standardized hyperlinks (typically blue and underlined) or in plain text.
- If an article has a article number (eLocator) write "Article" (capitalized) then provide the article number instead of the page range (see example 2)
General Format
In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):
(Author Surname & Author Surname, Year)
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Author Surname & Author Surname, Year, Page Number)
References:
Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial., & Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Article title: Subtitle. Title of Periodical, Volume(issue), page range. https:// DOI OR https:// URL of article
Example 1
In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):
(Little Bear, 2012)
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Little Bear, 2012, p. 521)
References:
Little Bear, L. (2012). Traditional knowledge and humanities: A perspective by a Blackfoot. Journal of Chinese Philosophy, 39(4), 518-527. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6253.2012.01742.x
Example 2
In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):
(Horwitz, 2020)
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Horwitz, 2020, p. 20)
References:
Horwitz, G. D. (2020). Temporal information loss in the macaque early visual system. PLoS Biology, 18(1), Article e3000570. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000570