In General:
- When citing a journal article (whether accessed online or in print) that has a Digital Object Identifier (DOI), include the DOI in the reference entry formatted as a hyperlink (i.e., beginning with "https://" or "http://").
- If an online work has both a DOI and a URL, only include the DOI in the reference entry.
- If an online work does not have a DOI, include the URL according to the rules listed in Section 9.34 of the Manual. For works from most academic research databases, the URL is not required.
- You can present DOIs and URLs as either standardized hyperlinks (typically blue and underlined) or in plain text.
- For a work with three or more authors, include only the name of the first author followed by "et al." in every in-text citation, including the first.
General Format
In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):
(Author Surname et al., Year)
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Author Surname et al., Year, Page Number)
References:
Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial., Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial., & Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Article title: Subtitle. Title of Periodical, Volume(issue), page range. https:// DOI OR https:// URL of article
Example
In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):
(Kolb et al., 2017)
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Kolb et al., 2017, pp. 1220-1221)
References:
Kolb, B., Harker, A., & Gibb, R. (2017). Principles of plasticity in the developing brain. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 59(12), 1218-1223. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.13546